4 STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

Byadmin

Cognition refers to thinking and memory processes, and cognitive development refers to long-term changes in these processes.

One of the most widely known perspectives about cognitive development is the cognitive stage theory of a swiss psychologist named Jean Piaget.

Piaget proposed that cognition developed through distinct stages from birth through the end of adolescence：

SENSORIMOTOR 0-2 years old

  • Explore the world through senses & actions.
  • Such as looking, hearing, touching, mouthing, grasping.
  • DEVELOPMENT：
    • Object permanence
    • Stranger anxiety

PREOPERATIONAL  2-7 years old

  • Represent & refer to objects with words or images.
  • Use intuitive rather than logical reasoning.
  • Believe inanimate objects possess human feelings/emotions.
  • DEVELOPMENT：
    • Pretend Play
    • Egocentrism

CONCRETE OPERATIONAL 7-11 years old

  • Conserve, reserve their thinking, and classify objects.
  • Think logically and understand analogies but only about concrete events.
  • DEVELOPMENT：
    • Conservation
    • Mathematical Transformations

FORMAL OPERATIONAL 12++ years old

  • Use abstract reasoning about hypothetical events/situations.
  • Consider logical possibilities, and systematically examine/test hypotheses.
  • DEVELOPMENT：
    • Abstract Logic
    • Potential for mature, moral reasoning

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